Expansion into Diverse Business Environment Coursework

Expansion into Diverse Business Environment - Coursework Example to be selected where population has Stable knowledge about big box stores but don’t have much exposure The population there enjoys shopping Has the buying power Population is high ( will explain this fact later on ) Will be fascinated by new retail store formats. Our consideration set is now reduced to few countries which include Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Vietnam and some more. Pakistan stands out the as the demographics and psychographics indicate a population who look up to the western lifestyle as the ideal lifestyle and are a followers of western culture. Pakistan although overall is economically weak but it’s a known fact that it’s one of those few countries where the public is much richer than the government. A detailed analysis will highlight major points of the business environment. ANALYSING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: There are a lot of the factors that affect the business ,the external factors which are called the Macro-Environmental factors (beyond the control of the business) and the internal factors called the Micro-Environmental factors. Analyzing these factors in detail a conclusion can be made whether the environment is favorable for the business or not. PEST ANALYIS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIES A detailed analysis of the Pakistani macro environment, strategies pertaining to them along with recommendations for executing these strategies is mentioned in detail in this section. Political Factors: The Government of Pakistan are looking for opportunities and investors interested to invest in infrastructure development of Pakistan and are willing to offer helping hand. Although there are strict governmental policies on sale of things which are forbidden in Islam and for that policies have to be worked upon in collaboration with the government.... Expansion into Diverse business Environment The retailing sector of the business is the most developing sector these days with all of the technology converged at it to extract most out of this business sector. With the highest amount of returns and compensating to major portions of countries globally retailing has laid its root deep into the business world. Now considering the facts that retailing is also divided into various sectors which cater to different needs ranging from daily household items to luxury products, from products for the masses to products tailored to match to the needs of few. Food Retailing Business & Supermarkets: Food retailing is major share holder in the retailing sector. Traditionally if we analyze the food sector retailing majority of the sales were made by supermarkets. But there has been a shift in trend which has put the traditional supermarkets down to just a 61% share holder in food retailing and now 39% of the sales are made newer formats of stores now opening which include supercenters, wareho use clubs, convenience stores etc. As a result of this superstores have stepped back a little introducing new varieties of services and products offered; variety of non-food items like electronics, cosmetics, toiletries, cutleries and services like bank atms, cafes etc. In the light of the analysis and facts mentioned Pakistan seem to offer a favorable retail market with high ROI. The political and the cultural factors offer great opportunities of growth if the strategies are implemented in a coordinated and planned manner.

Globalization and the New World Order Assignment

Globalization and the New World Order - Assignment Example This has encouraged entrepreneurs to venture into business opportunities. Compared to the 50s, many economies have grown exponentially. For example, China has been a notable economy rising fast (OECD International Trade Statistics, 2010). The reason behind China’s rocketing economy is its investments in foreign direct investments (FDI). China has continued to make investments in other countries and is currently the leading country in terms of revenue from the foreign direct investments. So has globalization created a new world order? An individual needs to have the meaning of ‘new world order’ to answer the question. New world order generally refers to change in the global trend. New world order summarizes the numerous explanations of common human behavior across the entire world. Globalization has made it possible for people all across the world to communicate and share with each other (James, 2009). The fact that, majority of the people worldwide are affected by globalization, directly or indirectly, make globalization a trend setter or a common factor in the world. Hence to state that globalization has created a new world order makes complete sense. Globalization affects every economy in the world regardless of the economics’ strength and stability. Big economies have invested in other smaller economy. Developing nations have strengthened their economies due to the revenue gotten from international trade. The new world order has also improved on the living standards and lifestyles in the developing countries (James, 2009). One of the fundamental economic factor that globalization, or the new world order, has had a major influence is the creation or jobs. Ranging from countries based investments to multinational corporations; the job opportunities have life easy for ‘the worker’. Question 2; Globalization is Dead? Globalization can be the cultural, economic or social interaction between two or more people from different origins. To date, people travel globally as tourists to other counties. The major attraction in tourism is culture. People love to explore cultures in form of art like; music, paintings, dancing and publications (Norris, 2009). The mode of dressing has made the fashion industry boom to become a multi-billion industry. Artistic ideas continue to be exchanged all over the world. Due to the high levels of technology, one does not need to leave his motherland to experience this cultural interaction. One can simply access the internet and other sources of information media that are available to them. Economically, businesses still strive to find new markets. Both large scaled, and small scaled, businesses have and continue to be created due to the endless interaction of people. Investors from foreign countries invest in a country; hence, improving the individual’s lives. Ideas also borrowed from other countries also become successful ventures. Globalization continues to create bu siness and trade opportunities that help in develop any economy or the livelihood of any person (Keith, 2006). Socially globalization has made changes in the way of life. Some social occasions like sporting events promote the interaction of people from different origin. Olympics have over the years been a prominent sporting event that attracts athletes from all over the world. In some European and Latin countries, street festivals attract millions of tourists. Among the many globalization elements, socially, religion is the most spread among the world population. People have and continue to change their religious belief (Elliott, 2009). This is as a result of the infinite interaction of pe

The Different Types And Effects Of Pollution

The Different Types And Effects Of Pollution Pollution is the beginning of a waste into the atmosphere making it impossible to make life on earth possible to sustain. Pollution is the introduction of a contaminant into the environment. It is created mostly by human actions, but can also be a result of natural disasters. Pollution has a detrimental effect on any living organism in an environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life. Pollution harms the Earths environment and its people in many ways. Presence of matter (gas, liquid, solid) or energy (heat, noise, radiation) whose nature, location, or quantity directly or indirectly alters characteristics or processes of any part of the environment, and causes (or has the potential to cause) damage to the condition, health, safety, or welfare of animals, humans, plants, or property. The introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. Physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. There are two types of the cause of pollution, natural and man-made. Natural pollution occurs naturally and wont cause excessive harm to our lives due to its regeneration ability. While the man-made pollution is caused by human activities, and hard to get rid of. The backbones of man-made pollution are human population and technology. Naturally human needs contact to the environment, we get resources from nature. This is for the sake of living. By the increase of human population, the contact is getting more intensive, because needs are increasing. And by the findings and development of new technologies, human can apply them to get the resources. And its common that new technologies would bring their respective side effects besides their advantages. TYPES OF POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION NOISE POLLUTION LIGHT POLLUTION LAND POLLUTION MARINE POLLUTION THERMAL POLLUTION SHIP POLLUTION RADIATION POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is the accumulation of hazardous substances into the atmosphere that danger human life and other living matter. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earths ecosystems. Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as black carbon pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major sourc e of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quanitites of soot into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Major primary pollutants produced by human activity include: Sulfur oxides (SOx) Sulfur dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO2. It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2 is one of the most prominent air pollutants. Carbon monoxide It is a colourless, odourless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) It is a greenhouse gas which is emitted from combustion but is also a gas vital to living organisms. It is a natural gas in the atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds VOCs are an important outdoor air pollutant. In this field they are often divided into the separate categories of methane (CH4) and non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced global warming. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane in the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality. Toxic metals- such as lead, cadmium and copper. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) It is harmful to the ozone layer emitted from products currently banned from use. Ammonia (NH3) -Ammonia is emitted from agricultural processes. Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. Odors such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes Radioactive pollutants which are produced by nuclear explosions, war explosives, and natural processes such as the radioactive decay of radon. Secondary pollutants include: Smog is a kind of air pollution; the word smog is a portmanteau of smoke and fog. Classic smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usually come from coal but from vehicular and industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by sunlight to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities (largely the combustion of fossil fuel), it is a pollutant, and a constituent of smog. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) similarly formed from NOx and VOCs. Minor air pollutants include: A large number of minor hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the Clean Air Act and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive. A variety of persistent organic pollutants, which can attach to particulate matter. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION Anthropogenic sources (human activity) mostly related to burning different kinds of fuel Stationary Sources include smoke stacks of power plants, manufacturing facilities (factories) and waste incinerators, as well as furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devices Mobile Sources include motor vehicles, marine vessels, aircraft and the effect of sound etc. Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solvents Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane. Methane is not toxic; however, it is highly flammable and may form explosive mixtures with air. Methane is also an asphyxiant and may displace oxygen in an enclosed space. Asphyxia or suffocation may result if the oxygen concentration is reduced to below 19.5% by displacement. Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ warfare and rocketry Natural sources Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation. Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle. Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earths crust. Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive noble gas that is formed from the decay of radium. It is considered to be a health hazard. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as the basement and it is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, after cigarette smoking. Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires. Volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates. HOW TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION The following items are commonly used as pollution control devices by industry or transportation devices. They can either destroy contaminants or remove them from an exhaust stream before it is emitted into the atmosphere. Particulate control Mechanical collectors Electrostatic precipitators An electrostatic precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream. Baghouses These are designed to handle heavy dust loads, a dust collector consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system, and a dust receptacle or dust removal system Particulate scrubbers Wet scrubber is a form of pollution control technology. The term describes a variety of devices that use pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with theliquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by some other contact method, so as to remove the pollutants. Scrubbers Baffle spray scrubber Cyclonic spray scrubber Mechanically aided scrubber Spray tower Wet scrubber NOx control Low NOx burners Selective catalytic reduction Selective non-catalytic reduction NOx scrubbers Catalytic converter Acid Gas/SO2 control Wet scrubbers Dry scrubbers Dont smoke Keep your car maintenance up-to-date Dont buy products that come in aerosol spray cans Avoid using lighter fluid when barbecuing outside When you drive accelerate slowly and use cruise control Always replace your cars air filter Use a push or electric lawnmower rather than a gas-powered one Dont use harsh chemical cleaners that can emit fumes Inspect your gas appliances and heaters regularly Facts about Air Pollution Almost 232 million different types of vehicles are driven by U.S. citizens every day, adding greenhouse gases into the air. U.S. vehicle emissions contribute 45% to global warming The average adult consumes 3,000 gallons of polluted air every day Vehicle exhaust contributes to 60% of carbon monoxide emissions in the U.S. and up to 95% in large cities Every year 335,000 Americans die of lung cancer, which is a direct result of air pollution SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION Some of the main contributors to water pollution are: Factories Refineries Waste treatment facilities Mining Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers Human sewage Oil spills Failing septic systems Soap from washing your car Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars Household chemicals Animal waste WATER POLLUTION Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter into large bodies of water that degrade the quality of life that lives in it and consumes it. Oil spills, household chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers are the major sources of water pollution. The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals into our water supplies because it causes harm to the rivers and lakes. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. Some 90% of Chinas cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were c lassified as polluted. Facts about Water Pollution Over two-thirds of U.S. estuaries and bays are severely degraded because of nitrogen and phosphorous pollution Every year almost 25% of U.S. beaches are closed at least once because of water pollution Over 73 different kinds of pesticides have been found in the groundwater that we eventually use to drink 1.2 trillion gallons of sewage, stormwater and industrial waste are discharged into U.S. waters every year 40% of U.S. rivers are too polluted for aquatic life to survive Americans use over 2.2 billion pounds of pesticides every year, which eventually washes into our rivers and lakes How to Prevent Water Pollution The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals into our water supplies. Here are a few more ways you can prevent water pollution: Wash your car far away from any storm water drains Dont throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewer drains Inspect your septic system every 3-5 years Avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can run off into water systems Sweep your driveway instead of hosing it down Always pump your waste-holding tanks on your boat Use non-toxic cleaning materials Clean up oil and other liquid spills with kitty litter and sweet them up Dont wash paint brushes in the sink NOISE POLLUTION Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise comes from the Latin word nauseas, meaning seasickness. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area. Indoor and outdoor noise pollution sources include car alarms, emergency service sirens, mechanical equipment, fireworks, compressed air horns, grounds keeping equipment, barking dogs, appliances, lighting hum, audio entertainment systems, electric megaphones, and loud people. The fact that you cant see, taste or smell it may help explain why it has not received as much attention as other types of pollution, such as air pollution, or water pollution. The air around us is constantly filled with sounds, yet most of us would probably not say we are surrounded by noise. Though for some, the persistent and escalating sources of sound can often be considered an annoyance. Th is annoyance can have big danger. MITIGATION AND CONTROL FOR NOISE POLLUTION Here are a variety of strategies for mitigating roadway noise including: use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. An important factor in applying these strategies is a computer model for roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology, traffic operations and hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be modest, provided these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway project. Aircraft noise can be reduced to some extent by design of quieter jet engines, which was pursued vigorously in the 1970s and 1980s. This strategy has brought limited but noticeable reduction of urban sound levels. Reconsideration of operations, such as altering flight paths and time of day runway use, has demonstrated benefits for residential populations near airports. FAA sponsored residential retrofit (insulation) programs initiated in the 1970s has also enjoyed success in reducing interior residential noise in thousands of residences across the United States. Exposure of workers to Industrial noise has been addressed since the 1930s. Changes include redesign of industrial equipment, shock mounting assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace. Noise Free America, a national anti-noise pollution organization, regularly lobbies for the enforcement of noise ordinances at all levels of government. LIGHT POLLUTION The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) defines light pollution as: Any adverse effect of artificial light including sky glow, glare, light trespass, light clutter, decreased visibility at night, and energy waste. Such an approach confuses the cause and its result, however. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, CO2 etc. Adverse consequences are multiple, some of them may be not known yet. Real definitions are to be, therefore, like: Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources. Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (from those present naturally) due to man-made sources of light. Indoor light pollution is such alteration of light levels in the indoor environment due to sources of light, which compromises human health. Light pollution is the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, of artificial light into the environment. In spite of the scientific approach, The U.S. National Park Service, whose Night Sky Team determined that almost every park that it surveyed has noticeable light pollution, defines the term still as: Principally, the illumination of the night sky caused by artificial light sources, decreasing the visibility of stars and other natural sky phenomena. Also includes other incidental or obtrusive aspects of outdoor lighting such as glare, trespass into areas not needing lighting, use in areas where or at times when lighting is not needed, and disturbance of the natural nighttime landscape. Light pollution obscures the stars in the night sky for city dwellers, interferes with astronomical observatories, and, like any other form of pollution, disrupts ecosystems and has adverse health effects. Light pollution can be divided into two main types: (1) annoying light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low-light setting (2) excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to discomfort and adverse health effects. Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the amount of light pollution. Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminated sporting venues. WAYS TO REDUCE LIGHT POLLUTION Reducing light pollution implies many things, such as reducing sky glow, reducing glare, reducing light trespass, and reducing clutter. The method for best reducing light pollution, therefore, depends on exactly what the problem is in any given instance. Possible solutions include: Utilizing light sources of minimum intensity necessary to accomplish the lights purpose. Turning lights off using a timer or occupancy sensor or manually when not needed. Improving lighting fixtures, so that they direct their light more accurately towards where it is needed, and with less side effects. Adjusting the type of lights used, so that the light waves emitted are those that are less likely to cause severe light pollution problems. Evaluating existing lighting plans, and re-designing some or all of the plans depending on whether existing light is actually needed. LAND POLLUTION Land pollution is pollution of the Earths natural land surface by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Land pollution is the degradation of Earths land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly. Health hazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few factors. Urbanization and industrialization are major causes of land pollution. The Industrial Revolution set a series of events into motion which destroyed natural habitats and polluted the environment, causing diseases in both humans and other species of animals. SOURCES OF LAND POLLUTION Some of the main contributors to land pollution are: Chemical and nuclear plants Industrial factories Oil refineries Human sewage Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars Mining Littering Overcrowded landfills Deforestation Construction debris FACTS ABOUT LAND POLLUTION Every year one American produces over 3285 pounds of hazardous waste Land pollution causes us to lose 24 billion tons of top soil every year Americans generate 30 billion foam cups, 220 million tires and 1.8 billion disposable diapers every year We throw away enough trash every day to fill 63,000 garbage trucks Every day Americans throw away 1 million bushels of litter out their car window Over 80% of items in landfills can be recycled, but theyre not How to Prevent Land Pollution The best way to prevent land pollution is to recycle. Here are a few other ways you can reduce land pollution: Reuse any items that you can Buy biodegradable products Store all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers Eat organic foods that are grown without pesticides Dont use pesticides Use a drip tray to collect engine oil Buy products that have little packaging Dont dump motor oil on the ground MARINE POLLUTION Marine pollution occurs when harmful effects, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff and windblown debris. Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic. When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web. Toxic metals can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Also, many animal feeds have a high fish meal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy products. TERMAL POLLUTION Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the change in temperature (a) Decreases oxygen supply (b) Affects ecosystem composition. SHIP POLLUTION Ship pollution is the pollution of air and water by shipping. It is a problem that has been accelerating as trade has become increasingly globalized, posing an increasing threat to the worlds oceans and waterways as globalization continues. RADIATION POLLUTION Radiation pollution is any form of ionizing or no ionizing radiation that results from human activities. The most well-known radiation results from the detonation of nuclear devices and the controlled release of energy by nuclear-power generating plants (see nuclear energy). Other sources of radiation include spent-fuel reprocessing plants, by-products of mining operations, and experimental research laboratories. Increased exposure to medical X rays and to radiation emissions from microwave ovens and other household appliances, although of considerably less magnitude, all constitute sources of environmental radiation. Public concern over the release of radiation into the environment greatly increased following the disclosure of possible harmful effects to the public from nuclear weapons testing, the accident (1979) at the Three Mile Island nuclear-power generating plant near Harrisburg, Pa., and the catastrophic 1986 explosion at Chernobyl, a Soviet nuclear power plant. In the late 1980s, revelations of major pollution problems at U.S. nuclear weapons reactors raised apprehensions even higher. REFRENCES Pollution causes effect and control By Roy M .Harrison Air Pollution By Jeremy Coils Global effect of environmental pollution By Siegfied Fred Singer Water Wars By Vandana Shiva Pollution By Christiane Dorion www.google.com Wikipedia.org

Marijuana Is Helpful For Medical Use Essay -- medical cannabis should b

For years there has been a wonder drug, which has befriended countless sick patients in a number of countries. A relatively inexpensive drug that is not covered by health care plans, which has aided the ill both mentally and physically--marijuana. Significant scientific and medical studies have demonstrated that marijuana is safe for use under medical supervision and that the cannabis plant, in its natural form, has important therapeutic benefits that are often of critical medical importance to persons afflicted with a variety of Life-threatening illnesses. Courts have recognized marijuana's medical value in treatment and have ruled that marijuana can be a drug of â€Å"necessity† in the treatment of glaucoma, cancer, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis. From the collection of information we now have on marijuana's health benefits for the ill, there is no longer any reason to keep it illegal. It should therefore be legal for licensed physicians to prescribe marijuana for terminal patients for whom it Offers the only reasonable opportunity for living without unbearable pain. Marijuana has been used many times to help ease pain and suffering. It often eases nausea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, reduces the pain of AIDS patients and lowers eye pressure in glaucoma sufferers. Cancer and AIDS patients often lose a lot of weight, either due directly to their illness or indirectly to the treatment of the illness. Dramatic weight loss puts there Lives in even more danger...

Different Definitions of Good Health

In this section I would be focusing on the ways people interpret health and welfare. Health is defined differently by individual, communities and countries, these ways may be defined either positive or negative. The World Health Organisation The World Health Organisation (WHO) had defined health in being â€Å"a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† This definition is a negative approach to health because the definition is vague and can categorised everyone as being unhealthy. In my opinion I find the WHO definition in being unrealistic and unachievable because the definition states, â€Å"absence of disease or infirmity.† As human being we all have one point in our health had gotten the flu. The WHO excluding ‘disease’ and ‘infirmity’ would classify us all as being unhealthy. Another reason why I disagree with this definition is that someone with a disease or illness can maintain a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being. For example, a patient with diabetes would still be in a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being. Not everyone with a disease or illness would lose their complete state of physical, mental and social well-being. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RvGXLF3uxd0C&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=seedhouse+health+a+commodity&source=bl&ots=f4etwSpSrA&sig=m9CREsjnSqFb0QcahH_mhwPlNO8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0IMyVM2eG87PaLeigZAI#v=onepage&q=seedhouse%20health%20a%20commodity&f=false (accessed on 09/10/2015) http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4163 (accessed on 09/10/2015) David Seedhouse 2009 David Seedhouse described health and welfare being an â€Å"equivalent to the set of conditions that enable a person to work to fulfil his/her realistic chosen and biological potential†. The definition is positive approach to health because Seedhouse states â€Å"work to fulfil his/her realistic chosen and biological potential.† This would give us the idea that health is a normal process and illnesses can occur without our will. There are a majority of individuals unfortunately that inherit diseases that may have incredible result on how they carry on with their ordinary life. For example a person with a hearing or visual impairment may fulfil his/her potential in exam within the physical constraints would not be considered unhealthy because the person may not hear or see very well. Although Seedhouse definition is vague, I agree with the concept of it; healthier people are more able to do what they desire because they have fewer constraints. The constraints can be psychological, biological or social. A biological constraint can be our organs, cells or tissues. Whilst a psychological constraint can be emotions, cognitions and motivation. A social constraint is our family, friends, community and society. http://www.ukessays.com/essays/health/defining-what-health-is.php#ixzz3o61QlKFV (accessed on 09/10/2015) http://www.moteclife.co.uk/docs/Education/Concept%20of%20Health.pdf (accessed on 09/10/2015) http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/1/87.full.pdf (accessed on 09/10/2015) Channel 4 Channel 4 defines health in three ways; negative, positive and holistic. According to Channel 4 the negative definition of health is â€Å"free from illness, upset, tiredness, or anything else that might be a symptom of not being in good health.† This isn’t an accurate definition for health in my opinion because if you are upset doesn’t mean you are not in â€Å"good health.† Majority of people are upset for a short period of time, so stating that being upset, which is an emotion, as bad health is not truthful. Benedict Carey had stated that tears are good for reducing our stress levels, removes toxins, kills bacteria, releases our feelings and surprisingly helps us see. This further proves that being upset is good for our health. Positive health is defined by Channel 4 as someone informing another person â€Å"who has recently taken up a sport and say: ‘you look very healthy’. This definition demonstrates the effectiveness of taking up a spo rt because of the words â€Å"very healthy† helps draw that picture. Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet I would agree with this definition for health because exercising benefits us and improves our health. This is because in situation where someone would need to run or defend themselves, it would be essential to exercise. Taking up a sport would also benefit a person emotionally and socially because team work can increase social circle, have more friends, and emotionally can lower stress level. Channel 4 defines holistic as being â€Å"physically very fit and free from illness, they could still have emotional problems.† This meaning that in order to be healthy you would need to be ‘physically fit’ and have no illnesses, such as the flu or diabetes. I agree with that you would need to be physically fit because exercising or taking up a sport would help strengthen the body and lower the risk of diseases, such as coronary heart disease and cancer. http://www.beliefnet.com/columnists/beyondblue/2011/02/7-ways-tears-and-crying-heal.html (accessed on 09/10/2015) http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/Whybeactive.aspx (accessed on 09/10/2015) http://www.channel4learning.com/sites/gcsease/health_social/2_1_detail.html (accessed on 09/10/2015) Medical News Today Medical News Today (MNT) had defined health in two aspect; mental health and physical health. According to MNT mental health â€Å"refers to the absence of mental illness.† Although the definition is vague, it still is a positive definition of health because it defines mental health in being without a disorder. If someone can cope with the usual stresses of life, they can work efficiently and productively and is able to support their community means they have good mental health. An example would be a student coping with exams. MNT also defines physical health in a positive way because the definition states that physical health is the â€Å"regular physical activity (exercise), good nutrition, and adequate rest.† I agree with the definition because nutrition, rest and exercise is essential for good health. If someone doesn’t eat a balance diet, they are more likely to be malnourished. Regular exercise is important since it benefits people socially, mentally and physical. In this case our body would be healthier and stronger. An adequate rest is essential for work effort because the correct hours of sleep would result on better work effort. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999.php (accessed on 09/10/2015) Culture Health The word culture is associated with the norms and values that are shared in a particular group or society. These norms and values can shape our views on what is acceptable and what is not. For example; Somalia culture forbids people from drinking alcohol, whilst it is seen perfectly alright in Czech Republic to drink an excessive amount of alcohol. This is negative definition of health because of the affect alcohol has on a person’s physical, emotional and social development. There has been research to show that the ethnic minority groups in Britain experience disadvantages and discrimination when receiving treatment in a healthcare setting, such as hospitals. They would experience poorer health, which would reduce their health expectancy and have more of a risk in long-term health problems, such as sickle cell. The government had set up health campaigns, like Change 4 Life, which aims to tackle obesity in households with children. However, the information presented in health campaigns has a lack of knowledge and understandings for other cultures.

Peter’s Escape from Prison Essay

12 Acts: 1-18 narrates the story of the unsuccessful conviction of Peter, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ. The verse begins when King Herod arrested several people who belonged to the church, including James, the brother of John, to be executed. When Herod heard that this apprehension of church members appealed to the Jews, he then ordered for Peter to be arrested. Peter’s arrest coincided with the feast of the Unleavened Bread. Before the dawn of his execution, Peter was visited by an angel of the Lord and the angel instructed Peter to follow. As Peter did so, the angel suddenly disappeared as they reached the city gates. Peter contemplated for a moment and finally decided to visit Mary, mother of John. Rhoda, Mary’s servant, ran to the door and was so overjoyed that she did not let Peter in. Rhoda exclaimed that Peter is back while the crowd inside the house exclaimed that Rhoda must be out of her mind. Peter kept knocking until they finally opened the gate. When they did, they were astonished with Peter’s presence and Peter told them how the Lord had brought him out of prison. He also instructed to tell James and his brothers of his arrival. He left after doing so. Meanwhile, Herod searched for Peter and had the guards guarding Peter executed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are several themes that are present in the verse. One of which is the historicity of the passage, as it refers to several characters that did exist during that time. Herod Agrippa I is the Herod mentioned in Acts 12; completely unrelated to the other popular Herod who ruled Judea during the time of Jesus’ birth. However, their essence as biblical characters remains similar, as they both persecute followers of Christ, with the latter persecuting Jesus himself. The philosophical theme of this passage is with the experience of reality, theistically and empirically. The passage can be interpreted in many ways, with different explanations succeeding it. If viewed theistically, the questions lies with the moral dilemma of the household of Mary. As the servant Rhoda answers the door, she is overjoyed to see Peter, but fails to open the door. The supposed crowd inside the house reply dubiously and does not believe Rhoda entirely until they have seen Peter himself. When they did see Peter, they were astonished; an expression of shock similar to another passage in the bible where Jesus appears in front of his apostles. Their expression was of disbelief and the men needed proof in order to accept his existence. Peter’s experience being held captive furthered his faith with God as he somehow knew that he was going to escape the conviction of Herod. This faith does not require prior knowledge or experience to affirm God’s help. It was immediately represented by the angel who quietly escorted Peter out of prison.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Empirically speaking, the question on the notion of the angel who helped Peter escaped remains dubious, since Peter himself did not know if the angel was real. He merely assumed that he was having a hallucination. It explains the problem between faith and experience. Peter, already experiencing the phenomenon, still refuses to accept reality. The theme also centers on the distinction between faith and experience. The crowd inside Mary’s house remain dubious of Peter, just as the apostles were dubious in Jesus’ presence. Faith entails a belief without any evidence or confirmation of the subject’s experience. There is no such thing as experiential faith, as espoused by the crowd and somehow, Peter. Peter reflected for a moment after escaping prison that he knows without a doubt that God has helped him. Meaning that some small portion of his faith was garbled by doubt but nevertheless chose to remain faithful.